Linako tsa ho lefa bakeng sa Mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea Merero ea Photovoltaic

2025-08-05

Ⅰ. Nako ea ho lefa ke eng? Ke hobane'ng ha e le ea bohlokoa?

Nako ea ho khutlisa e bolela nako e hlokahalang bakeng sa projeke ea photovoltaic ho khutlisa matsete a eona a pele ka phallo ea chelete e bokelletsoeng ho tsoa ho poloko ea matla, thekiso ea motlakase, kapa lithuso. Foromo hangata ke:

Nako ea Tefello = Litšenyehelo tsa Pele tsa Matsete ÷ Kakaretso ea Selemo le Selemo Phallo ea Chelete (Poloko ea Matla + Thekiso ea Motlakase + Lithuso - Litšenyehelo tsa Ts'ebetso)

Metric ena e lekanya lebelo la ho khutlisa matsete; ha puseletso e potlakile, e fokotsa kotsi, 'me e khahla haholo ho capital.

 

Ⅱ. Mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea Merero ea Photovoltaic le Mehla ea Tsona e Tloaelehileng ea Payback

  1. Bolulo ba Bolulo ba PV

Libakeng tsa bolulo United States, Europe, Middle East, joalo-joalo: Ka karolelano nako ea ho lefa ke lilemo tse 6-10. Libakeng tse nang le litheko tse phahameng tsa motlakase, ho eketseha ha theko ea motlakase ka potlako, kapa likhothaletso tsa lekhetho/thuso, nako ea ho lefa e ka ba khuts'oane.

Chaena: Puseletso ea selemo le selemo ea matsete e batla e le 8-10%, ka nako e tloaelehileng ea ho lefa ea lilemo tse 6-8.

  1. PV ea marulelo a khoebo le a indasteri  

Lefats'eng ka bophara, bakeng sa basebelisi ba likhoebo, haholo-holo tlas'a litefiso tse phahameng tsa motlakase kapa litheko tse tlase, merero ea khoebo e ka fumana phaello ea selemo le selemo ea 10-15%, ka linako tse tloaelehileng tsa ho lefa tse ka bang lilemo tse 5.

Libakeng tse kang California, merero ea khoebo e atisa ho fumana moputso ka lilemo tse 3-5, athe mekhatlo e sa etseng phaello e ka nka nako e teletsana ho feta lilemo tse 4-7.

  1. Mapolasi a PV a boleng bo holimo

Lefats'eng ka bophara, merero ea kakaretso ea lisebelisoa, haholo-holo linaheng tse ruileng ka lisebelisoa (Chaena, India, United States, Middle East, Afrika, joalo-joalo), e finyella meputso ea selemo le selemo ea 6-10%, ka nako e tloaelehileng ea ho lefa ea lilemo tse 6-10.

Libakeng tse nang le lisebelisoa tsa letsatsi tse futsanehileng le lithuso tse fokotsehileng, joalo ka United Kingdom, merero ea boemo bo botle e kanna ea ba e atolositse nako ea ho khutlisa ea lilemo tse 10-12.

  1. Letsatsi la Sechaba

Merero ea letsatsi e arolelanoang ke sechaba e lumella mekha e mengata ho tsetela le ho arolelana phaello, 'me linako tsa ho lefa li fapana haholo, hangata ho tloha ho lilemo tse 6-20. Litheko tsa lehae tsa motlakase, lithuso, le litumellano tsa ho kenya letsoho kaofela li susumetsa nako ena.

  1. Agrivoltaics

Mekhoa e kopanyang temo le matla a letsatsi, e nolofalletsang lihoai ho rua molemo holima temo ea lijalo le ho fehla motlakase. Nako ea ho lefa hangata e khuts'oanyane, hangata ke lilemo tse 4-8, 'me maemo a mang a potlakile le ho feta.

  1. PV e phaphametseng

Lisebelisoa tsa PV tse kentsoeng holim'a metsi li rua molemo ho tsoa ho pholiso le litšenyehelo tse tlase tsa mobu, e leng se bakang nako ea ho khutlisa matla e ka bang lilemo tse 1.3 (ho ea ka pono ea matsete a matla, eseng ea chelete). Nako ea ho khutlisa ea moruo hangata e tloha ho lilemo tse 3 ho isa ho tse 5.

 

Ⅲ. Lintlha tse ka Sehloohong tse Amang Nako ea Payback

  1. Maemo a Geographic le Solar

Libaka tse nang le lisebelisoa tse ngata tsa letsatsi (tse kang Bochabela bo Hare, Asia Boroa, Afrika le Europe Boroa) li na le tlhahiso e phahameng ea selemo le selemo ea motlakase, e leng se bakang nako e khutšoanyane ea ho lefa. Europe Leboea e na le nako e telele ea ho lefa.

  1. Litheko tsa Motlakase le Maano a Lithuso  

Libaka tse nang le litheko tse phahameng tsa motlakase le lithuso tse ngata (joalo ka litefiso tsa ho fepa le litefiso tsa lekhetho) li fumana puseletso e potlakileng; linaheng tse nang le lithuso tse fokotsehileng le litheko tse tlase tsa motlakase, tefo ea tefo e ea butle.

  1. Sekhahla sa Sisteme le Mofuta oa Morero  

Litsamaiso tse ajoang tse nyane li fana ka meputso e feto-fetohang le e potlakileng; leha ho le joalo, merero e meholo e bohareng, ho sa tsotellehe litšenyehelo tse phahameng ka ho fetisisa, e na le litšenyehelo tse tlaase ka hora ea kilowatt le mehloli e tsitsitseng ea chelete, e leng ho nolofalletsang nako ea kakaretso ea ho lefa hore e laoloe nakong ea lilemo tse 6-10.

  1. E na le lisebelisoa tsa polokelo ea matla (photovoltaic-storage)  

Mekhoa ea ho boloka photovoltaic e eketsa litekanyetso tsa ho iphelisa empa e phahamisa litšenyehelo tsa pele tsa lichelete. Ka mohlala, linyeoeng tsa polokelo ea photovoltaic-storage tsa Chaena, nako ea ho lefa e ka ba lilemo tse 6; lintlha tse joalo ka litšenyehelo tsa theknoloji le meaho ea boemo ba theko ea motlakase ea lehae le tsona li susumetsa potoloho ena.

  1. Litšenyehelo tsa ts'ebetso le tlhokomelo le ho senyeha ha tsamaiso  

Ha lilemo le litšenyehelo tsa ts'ebetso le ts'ebetso li ntse li eketseha, phallo ea chelete ea 'nete e tlase hanyane ho feta mehlala ea theory. Ka hona, ho kgothaletswa ho boloka moeli oa ho theoha ha 10-15%.

 

Ⅳ. Tafole ea papiso ea mefuta e tloaelehileng ho latela pono ea lefats'e

Mofuta oa Morero Kotulo ea selemo (e hakantsoeng) Nako e tloaelehileng ea ho lefa (lilemo) Mehlala ea litlhophiso tsa libaka
PV e abuoang ka bolulo ~8–10% 6–8 / 6–10 China, United States, United Kingdom, Middle East, joalo-joalo.
PV ea Khoebo / Liindasteri e Ajoang ~10–15% ~5 Marulelo a likhoebo, mabenkele a mabenkele, lipetlele, joalo-joalo.
Utility-Scale Ground-Mounted PV ~6–10% 6–10 / 10–12 China, India, United Kingdom, Afrika, United States, joalo-joalo.
Sechaba sa PV E ka fetoha 6-20 Amerika Leboea, Europe, linaha tse tsoelang pele, joalo-joalo.
Agrivoltaic Lekeno la temo le ho fehla motlakase ka nako e le 'ngoe 4-8 China, Japane, Europe, joalo-joalo merero ea ho kopanya letsatsi la temo
PV e phaphametseng Ho sebetsa hantle haholo, ho boloka mobu, ho boloka sebaka Tefo ea matla ~ lilemo tse 1.3; tefello ea moruo hoo e ka bang. 3–5 Linaha tse nang le matša a mangata, matamo le mehloli ea metsi